What was the Pendleton Act of 1883?

The Pendleton Act of 1883 was significant in establishing the merit system for federal employment. This legislation was a response to the rampant patronage and nepotism that characterized federal hiring practices prior to its enactment. By promoting a system where government jobs were awarded based on individual merit—primarily assessed through competitive examinations—the Pendleton Act aimed to reduce corruption and ensure that government officials were qualified for their positions. This reform marked a fundamental shift from appointing government officials based on political connections to selecting them based on their abilities and qualifications. This merit-based approach not only improved the efficiency and integrity of federal agencies but also laid the groundwork for the modern civil service system we see today.