What limitation exists for members of independent regulatory commissions?

Members of independent regulatory commissions are appointed for fixed terms and cannot be removed without cause, which provides them with a significant degree of protection from political pressure and influence. This structure is designed to ensure their ability to implement regulations and make decisions based on expertise and the public interest rather than political considerations. The fixed term of appointment helps to insulate them from the whims of the current administration, thereby fostering stability and continuity in regulatory oversight.

This design reflects a fundamental principle of independent regulatory commissions, which is to maintain independence from the executive branch of government. By requiring "cause" for removal, it emphasizes the importance of their roles in regulating areas such as finance, communications, and transportation, where consistent policy enforcement is crucial for maintaining public trust and economic stability.