What is required to manage a complex society effectively?

Managing a complex society effectively necessitates a variety of bureaucratic organizations because such diversity allows for specialization and adaptation to various sectors and needs within the society. A complex society is characterized by numerous and varied social, economic, and political interactions that require different areas of expertise.

Having multiple bureaucratic organizations enables the division of labor, where each entity can focus on specific functions such as education, health, transportation, and public safety. This specialization leads to increased effectiveness and efficiency in addressing the unique challenges and demands that arise within these sectors. Furthermore, a variety of organizations can enhance accountability and oversight, as different entities monitor each other and collaborate to ensure holistic governance.

Relying on a single bureaucratic organization could potentially lead to inefficiencies and a lack of responsiveness to the diverse needs of the population, while volunteer-based management may struggle to provide the comprehensive infrastructure and resources necessary for effective governance in a complex society. Similarly, a small government may not possess the sufficient breadth of capabilities needed to tackle the myriad issues prevalent in a modern, multifaceted society.