What is "duplication of services" in a bureaucratic context?

In a bureaucratic context, duplication of services refers to the scenario where multiple government agencies perform similar or overlapping functions. This tendency can create inefficiencies, as resources—such as funding, personnel, and time—are spread across various agencies that might be working towards the same goals. Such overlap can lead to confusion, increased costs, and a lack of clarity in service delivery for the public.

For example, if two different agencies are tasked with providing training programs for unemployed individuals, their overlapping efforts may result in redundant programs that do not meet the needs of citizens effectively. This not only wastes taxpayer money but can also dilute the effectiveness of the services offered, as potential clients might not be aware of all the resources available to them.

In contrast, scenarios involving communication failures, inter-agency collaborations, or outsourcing do not directly pertain to the inefficiencies that arise specifically from having multiple agencies with similar responsibilities. Instead, those factors relate to issues of coordination, partnership, or the shift of responsibilities rather than the fundamental issue of duplication itself.