What is a line agency?

A line agency is defined as a government agency that is tasked with carrying out specific functions and operations, and it reports directly to a higher authority within the governmental hierarchy. Line agencies are crucial in executing policies, administering programs, and delivering services as directed by legislation or executive orders. They have a clear line of authority and responsibility, which enables them to maintain accountability for their actions and results. This operational structure allows for efficient management and implementation of government functions, making line agencies essential components of the federal bureaucracy.

In contrast, the other options describe different aspects of government and organizational structures. Agencies that provide support and advice to line agencies serve a different purpose and do not have direct operational responsibilities like line agencies do. Private organizations that lobby the government operate independently and are not part of the governmental structure. Departments focused on human resources represent a specialized area within an organization, but they do not encapsulate the broader operational mandate characteristic of line agencies.