What is a constitutional limitation on the federal bureaucracy's ability to regulate the economy?

The correct choice highlights that only Congress possesses the authority to regulate commerce, which is a constitutional limitation on the federal bureaucracy. This principle is grounded in the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution, which grants Congress the exclusive power to regulate interstate and international commerce. As such, while federal agencies can create regulations to implement laws passed by Congress, they cannot independently regulate commerce without Congressional authorization.

This limitation ensures that the bureaucracy operates within the bounds of the law as defined by legislative bodies, preventing it from overstepping its authority. The role of Congress is to establish the legal framework and guidelines for economic regulation, and the bureaucracy enforces these regulations. Thus, any action taken by federal agencies must adhere to the statutes enacted by Congress.

Other potential limitations or powers, such as the ability of the Supreme Court to overturn regulations, or the states' ability to prioritize their own regulations, do not provide a constitutional limitation on the bureaucracy's functions in the commerce realm as defined by the Constitution. Similarly, while the President can influence regulatory actions, this power does not equate to a constitutional restriction on the ability of the bureaucracy to regulate the economy.